![]() Low glucose concentrations have been associated with positive culture results and consequently poor outcomes.(6) Culture and gram stain are often used in the assessment of infection, however, gram stain lacks sensitivity and culture results are not returned in a timely enough manner to make clinical decisions. Prompt diagnosis and treatment for clinical chorioamnionitis is critical to avoid maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Intraamniotic infection or chorioamnionitis is an acute inflammation of the fetal membranes commonly caused by bacterial infection prompting an inflammatory response leading to labor and term or preterm birth.(5) Chorioamnionitis may be symptomatic (clinical) or asymptomatic (histological), occurring most often during prolonged labor or as a consequence of membrane rupture as bacteria have greater opportunity to ascend the lower genital tract to colonize the uterus. Amniocentesis may be performed to assess fetal distress. Lactate dehydrogenase is greater than 225 IU/L (or greater than the upper limit of normal for serum)Īmniotic fluid is produced by the amnion and placenta, representing a plasma ultrafiltrate. In a cohort of noninfected patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis, the mean (SD) ascitic fluid-to-serum glucose ratio was 1.04 (0.25).(3) Ascitic fluid glucose may be helpful in differentiating spontaneous bacterial peritonitis from secondary peritonitis caused by bowel perforation.(4) Secondary peritonitis is likely if 2 of the 3 following criteria are met:Ģ. In presumed normal specimens collected during surgery, pericardial fluid-to-serum ratio for glucose was 1.0 (95% CI, 0.8-1.2).(2)Īscitic fluid glucose should be interpreted in conjunction with serum glucose measurement. Pericardial fluid glucose levels have been investigated on a limited basis. pH is the preferred test for making this determination when available. Low pleural fluid glucose concentrations (<40-60 mg/dL) indicate a complicated parapneumonic or malignant effusion.(1) However, low glucose is not specific for infection or malignancy and may be attributed to hemothorax, tuberculosis, or rheumatoid or lupus pleuritis, among other diseases. Ideally, they are measured in the fasting state, whereby glucose is able to equilibrate into the space the body fluid is contained within. Body fluid glucose concentrations are expected to be lower than that found in serum or plasma. This serves as an indicator of infection or possibly malignancy. Body fluid glucose concentrations that are lower than expected indicate increased cellularity and, therefore, glycolysis within the body fluid space. Blood glucose is measured to assess the glycemic state of a patient.
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